Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL

What you will learn

This course introduces students to PL/SQL and helps them understand the benefits of this powerful programming language. Students learn to create PL/SQL blocks of application code that can be shared by multiple forms, reports, and data management applications. Students learn to create anonymous PL/SQL blocks as well as stored procedures and functions.

Students learn to develop, execute, and manage PL\SQL stored program units such as procedures, functions, packages, and database triggers. Students also learn to manage PL/SQL subprograms, triggers, declaring identifiers and trapping exceptions. Students are introduced to the utilization of some of the Oracle-supplied packages.

Students use Oracle SQL Developer to develop these program units. SQL*Plus and JDeveloper are introduced as optional tools.

Learn to:
  • Conditionally control code flow (loops, control structures)
  • Design and use PL/SQL packages to group and contain related constructs.
  • Create triggers to solve business challenges.
  • Use some of the Oracle supplied PL/SQL packages to generate screen output and file output.
  • Create anonymous PL/SQL blocks of code.
  • Declare PL/SQL Variables


Audience
 Application Developers
Database Administrators
Developer
Forms Developer
PL/SQL Developer
Portal Developer
System Analysts
Technical Consultant

Prerequisites
 Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I
Previous programming experience
Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals II
Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals II
Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I

Course Objectives
 Manage dependencies between PL/SQL subprograms
Use conditional compilation to customize the functionality in a PL/SQL application without removing any source code
Create and use stored procedures and functions
Design and use PL/SQL packages to group and contain related constructs
Create overloaded package subprograms for more flexibility
Use the Oracle supplied PL/SQL packages to generate screen output, file output, and mail output
Write dynamic SQL for more coding flexibility
Describe the features and syntax of PL/SQL
Use PL/SQL programming constructs and conditionally control code flow (loops, control structures, and explicit cursors)
Handle runtime errors
Describe stored procedures and functions
Design PL/SQL code for predefined data types, local subprograms, additional pragmas and standardized constants and exceptions
Create triggers to solve business challenges
Design PL/SQL anonymous block that execute efficiently

Course Topics
Introduction
 Course Objectives
Course Agenda
Describing the Human Resources (HR) Schema
PL/SQL development environments Available in this course
Introduction to SQL Developer

Introduction to PL/SQL
 PL/SQL Overview
Benefits of PL/SQL Subprograms
Overview of the Types of PL/SQL blocks
Creating and Executing a Simple Anonymous Block
Generating Output from a PL/SQL Block

Declaring PL/SQL Identifiers
 Different Types of Identifiers in a PL/SQL subprogram
Using the Declarative Section to Define Identifiers
Storing Data in Variables
Scalar Data Types
%TYPE Attribute
Bind Variables
Using Sequences in PL/SQL Expressions

Writing Executable Statements
 Describing Basic PL/SQL Block Syntax Guidelines
Commenting Code
SQL Functions in PL/SQL
Data Type Conversion
Nested Blocks
Operators in PL/SQL

Interacting with the Oracle Server
Including SELECT Statements in PL/SQL to Retrieve data
Manipulating Data in the Server Using PL/SQL
The SQL Cursor concept
Using SQL Cursor Attributes to Obtain Feedback on DML
Saving and Discarding Transactions

Writing Control Structures
 Conditional processing Using IF Statements
Conditional processing Using CASE Statements
Simple Loop Statement
While Loop Statement
For Loop Statement
The Continue Statement

Working with Composite Data Types
Using PL/SQL Records
Using the %ROWTYPE Attribute
Inserting and Updating with PL/SQL Records
INDEX BY Tables
INDEX BY Table Methods
INDEX BY Table of Records

Using Explicit Cursors
 Understanding Explicit Cursors
Declaring the Cursor
Opening the Cursor
Fetching data from the Cursor
Closing the Cursor
Cursor FOR loop
Explicit Cursor Attributes
FOR UPDATE Clause and WHERE CURRENT Clause

Handling Exceptions
 Understanding Exceptions
Handling Exceptions with PL/SQL
Trapping Predefined Oracle Server Errors
Trapping Non-Predefined Oracle Server Errors
Trapping User-Defined Exceptions
Propagate Exceptions
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure

Creating Stored Procedures
 Creating a Modularize and Layered Subprogram Design
Modularizing Development With PL/SQL Blocks
Understanding the PL/SQL Execution Environment
The Benefits of Using PL/SQL Subprograms
The Differences Between Anonymous Blocks and Subprograms
Creating, Calling, and Removing Stored Procedures Using the CREATE Command and SQL Developer
Using Procedures Parameters and Parameters Modes
Viewing Procedures Information Using the Data Dictionary Views and SQL Developer

Creating Stored Functions
 Creating, Calling, and Removing a Stored Function Using the CREATE Command and SQL Developer
Identifying the Advantages of Using Stored Functions in SQL Statements
Identify the steps to create a stored function
Using User-Defined Functions in SQL Statements
Restrictions When Calling Functions from SQL statements
Controlling Side Effects When Calling Functions from SQL Expressions
Viewing Functions Information

Creating Packages
 Listing the Advantages of Packages
Describing Packages
The Components of a Package
Developing a Package
The Visibility of a Package’s Components
Creating the Package Specification and Body Using the SQL CREATE Statement and SQL Developer
Invoking the Package Constructs
Viewing the PL/SQL Source Code Using the Data Dictionary

Working With Packages
 Overloading Subprograms in PL/SQL
Using the STANDARD Package
Using Forward Declarations to Solve Illegal Procedure Reference
Using Package Functions in SQL and Restrictions
Persistent State of Packages
Persistent State of a Package Cursor
Controlling Side Effects of PL/SQL Subprograms
Using PL/SQL Tables of Records in Packages

Using Oracle-Supplied Packages in Application Development
 Using Oracle-Supplied Packages
Examples of Some of the Oracle-Supplied Packages
How Does the DBMS_OUTPUT Package Work?
Using the UTL_FILE Package to Interact With Operating System Files
Using the UTL_MAIL Package
Using the UTL_MAIL Subprograms

Using Dynamic SQL
 The Execution Flow of SQL
What is Dynamic SQL?
Declaring Cursor Variables
Dynamically Executing a PL/SQL Block
Using Native Dynamic SQL to Compile PL/SQL Code
Using DBMS_SQL Package
Using DBMS_SQL with a Parameterized DML Statement
Dynamic SQL Functional Completeness

Design Considerations for PL/SQL Code
 Standardizing Constants and Exceptions
Using Local Subprograms
Using Autonomous Transactions
Using the NOCOPY Compiler Hint
Using the PARALLEL_ENABLE Hint
Using the Cross-Session PL/SQL Function Result Cache
Using the DETERMINISTIC Clause with Functions
Using Bulk Binding to Improve Performance

Creating Triggers
 Working With Triggers
Identifying the Trigger Event Types and Body
Business Application Scenarios for Implementing Triggers
Creating DML Triggers Using the CREATE TRIGGER Statement and SQL Developer
Identifying the Trigger Event Types, Body, and Firing (Timing)
Statement Level Triggers Versus Row Level Triggers
Creating Instead of and Disabled Triggers
Managing, Testing, and Removing Triggers

Creating Compound, DDL, and Event Database Triggers
 Working With Compound Triggers
Identifying the Timing-Point Sections of a Table Compound Trigger
Compound Trigger Structure for Tables and Views
Using a Compound Trigger to Resolve the Mutating Table Error
Comparing Database Triggers to Stored Procedures
Creating Triggers on DDL Statements
Creating Database-Event and System-Events Triggers
System Privileges Required to Manage Triggers

Using the PL/SQL Compiler
 Using the PL/SQL Compiler
Using the Initialization Parameters for PL/SQL Compilation
Using the New PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings
Overview of PL/SQL Compile Time Warnings for Subprograms
The Benefits of Compiler Warnings
The PL/SQL Compile Time Warning Messages Categories
Setting the Warning Messages Levels: Using SQL Developer, PLSQL_WARNINGS Initialization Parameter, and the DBMS_WARNING Package Subprograms
Viewing the Compiler Warnings: Using SQL Developer, SQL*Plus, or the Data Dictionary Views

Managing PL/SQL Code
 What Is Conditional Compilation and How Does it Work?
Using Selection Directives
Using Predefined and User-Defined Inquiry Directives
The PLSQL_CCFLAGS Parameter and the Inquiry Directive
Using Conditional Compilation Error Directives to Raise User-Defined Errors
Using the DBMS_DB_VERSION Package
Using DBMS_PREPROCESSOR Procedures to Print or Retrieve Source Text
Obfuscating and Wrapping PL/SQL Code

Managing Dependencies
 Overview of Schema Object Dependencies
Querying Direct Object Dependencies Using the USER_DEPENDENCIES View
Querying an Object’s Status
Invalidation of Dependent Objects
Displaying Direct and Indirect Dependencies
Fine-Grained Dependency Management in Oracle Database 11g
Understanding Remote Dependencies
Recompiling a PL/SQL Program Unit

Suggested Next Courses
 Oracle Database 10g: Advanced PL/SQL
Oracle Database 10g: SQL Tuning Workshop